models.py

from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey, Column, Integer, String, MetaData
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

convention = {
    "fk": "fk_%(table_name)s_%(column_0_name)s_%(referred_table_name)s",
}
metadata = MetaData(naming_convention=convention)

Base = declarative_base(metadata=metadata)

class Company(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'companies'

    id = Column(Integer(), primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String())
    founding_year = Column(Integer())

    freebies = relationship('Freebie', back_populates='company')
    devs = relationship('Dev', secondary='freebies', back_populates='companies', overlaps="freebies,dev,company")

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<Company {self.name}>'

    def give_freebie(self, dev, item_name, value):
        # I decided to assume the database session is managed externally, so this method just creates a new Freebie object and returns it without handling the commit - that's up to the caller.
        freebie = Freebie(item_name=item_name, value=value, dev=dev, company=self)
        return freebie

    @classmethod
    def oldest_company(cls):
        # I assumed the session is managed externally, but for testing this method, I set up a direct database connection here to query and find the company with the earliest founding year.
        from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
        from sqlalchemy import create_engine
        engine = create_engine('sqlite:///freebies.db')
        Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
        session = Session()
        oldest = session.query(cls).order_by(cls.founding_year).first()
        session.close()
        return oldest

class Dev(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'devs'

    id = Column(Integer(), primary_key=True)
    name= Column(String())

    freebies = relationship('Freebie', back_populates='dev')
    companies = relationship('Company', secondary='freebies', back_populates='devs', overlaps="freebies,dev,company")

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<Dev {self.name}>'

    def received_one(self, item_name):
        return any(freebie.item_name == item_name for freebie in self.freebies)

    def give_away(self, dev, freebie):
        if freebie.dev == self:
            freebie.dev = dev
            # I assumed the session is managed externally again, so I'm just updating the freebie's dev without committing the change.

class Freebie(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'freebies'

    id = Column(Integer(), primary_key=True)
    item_name = Column(String())
    value = Column(Integer())

    dev_id = Column(Integer(), ForeignKey('devs.id'))
    company_id = Column(Integer(), ForeignKey('companies.id'))

    dev = relationship('Dev', back_populates='freebies')
    company = relationship('Company', back_populates='freebies')

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<Freebie {self.item_name}>'

    def print_details(self):
        return f"{self.dev.name} owns a {self.item_name} from {self.company.name}"